{"id":4139,"date":"2022-01-21T16:16:40","date_gmt":"2022-01-21T09:16:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/matphot.com\/?p=4139"},"modified":"2022-01-21T16:16:40","modified_gmt":"2022-01-21T09:16:40","slug":"8-dac-diem-cua-ngon-ngu-trung-quoc-ma-nguoi-hoc-can-biet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/matphot.com\/8-dac-diem-cua-ngon-ngu-trung-quoc-ma-nguoi-hoc-can-biet.html","title":{"rendered":"8 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"
Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean quan t\u00e2m. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt sau c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Trung.<\/b><\/p>\n
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Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u1eef h\u1ec7 l\u00e0: Ng\u1eef h\u1ec7 \u1ea4n-\u00c2u (Ti\u1ebfng Anh, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha, ti\u1ebfng Hindi), ng\u1eef h\u1ec7 H\u00e1n-T\u1ea1ng (ti\u1ebfng Trung, ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng\u2026), ng\u1eef h\u1ec7 Phi-\u00c1 (ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, ti\u1ebfng Hebrew\u2026) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ebfng Trung l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfng La Tinh. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n l\u1eadp, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh ghi \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft trong ti\u1ebfng Trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 4000 k\u00fd t\u1ef1. V\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u1eef ghi \u00fd n\u00ean m\u1ed7i k\u00fd t\u1ef1 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau, \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0m \u00fd. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef La Tinh s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n N\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u1ea5y c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng Trung kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t k\u00ednh ng\u1eef c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e0n hay ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Trung s\u1ebd th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, danh x\u01b0ng, t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t k\u00ednh ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ti\u1ebfng Trung v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. V\u1eady n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc giao ti\u1ebfp ti\u1ebfng Trung s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, h\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n S\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u, s\u1ed1 \u00edt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong ti\u1ebfng Anh. Thay v\u00ec chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 \u00edt, s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u, th\u00eam m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb, ti\u1ebfng Trung s\u1ebd th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfm, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Trung Qu\u1ed1c, sai 1 thanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ec7ch c\u1ea3 d\u1eb7m, v\u1eady n\u00ean, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u00e2m s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 6 thanh, ti\u1ebfng Trung ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 4 thanh. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc sai thanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe hi\u1ec3u theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t \u00e2m trong ti\u1ebfng Trung kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Trung c\u00f3 2 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Ph\u1ed3n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3n th\u1ec3. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eef Ph\u1ed3n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c c\u00f2n Gi\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1950. Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef Gi\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta hay g\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Pinyin (Phi\u00ean \u00e2m). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef La Tinh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Pinyin ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u theo h\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/span><\/p>\n Ai h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Trung c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u1eebng d\u1edf kh\u00f3c d\u1edf c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y. Theo \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean t\u00ean ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 trong Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd phi\u00ean \u00e2m c\u00e1c t\u00ean ri\u00eang, danh x\u01b0ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m. Nghe t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 t\u00ean ri\u00eang r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng quen thu\u1ed9c n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea th\u00ec H\u00e1n v\u0103n c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 20.000 k\u00fd t\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u theo t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n H\u00e1n v\u0103n th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 50.000. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o 2.500 k\u00fd t\u1ef1, bi\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng 3.000 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Trung, \u0111i theo c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ch v\u1edf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i chung, vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc g\u00ec, h\u1ecdc theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\nNg\u1eef ph\u00e1p trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng chia th\u00ec<\/b><\/h2>\n
Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u, s\u1ed1 \u00edt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb<\/b><\/h2>\n
Thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u, \u00e2m s\u1eafc r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng<\/b><\/h2>\n
C\u00f3 2 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/b><\/h2>\n
C\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft bi\u1ec3u thanh<\/b><\/h2>\n
Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Trung Qu\u1ed1c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u1ea3 t\u00ean ri\u00eang qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/b><\/h2>\n
C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 20.000 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 H\u00e1n v\u0103n<\/b><\/h2>\n